Pantone was originally designed to provide a formula for printers who could mix base colored printing inks to produce a color that would be exactly the same anywhere in the world. It was useful for corporate identity programs. So logo colors and corporate color schemes would be consistent no matter who did the printing.
Designers and art directors specified colors from the ubiquitous PMS (Pantone Matching System) swatch books (Coated and Un-coated) and the printers obligingly mixed the ink to the formula.
In that respect, Pantone is still a viable way to specify colors that will be consistent.
Except almost all printing these days is done on presses capable of printing 4 or more colors at a time and so it became necessary for designers and art directors to be able to specify a Pantone spot color in CMYK. And so came the CMYK swatch-books, and the metallic color swatch-books, and on and on.
Just some trivia from someone who worked in the biz in the days before computers.
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