Speed and simplicity perhaps?
You could emulate most bitmap editing methods with vectors, but it's a more involved process than when done with a bitmap editor, at least for me. And if you're up against a deadline, which method would you choose?
Also, bitmap brushes. I don't think vector brushes have the ability to pick up and smudge underlying colors. Even smoothing and smudging. You could emulate them if you're patient enough, but it's just not the same thing.
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